Skunkware 5/Skunkware 5.iso/man/cat.1/gs.1

Text File | 1995-07-25 | 17KB | 397 lines

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     NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
          gs - Ghostscript version 2.6 interpreter/previewer

     SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
          ggggssss [ _o_p_t_i_o_n_s ] [ _f_i_l_e_s ] ...

     DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
          Ghostscript is a programming language similar to Adobe
          Systems' PostScript (tm) language, which is in turn similar
          to Forth.  _G_s reads _f_i_l_e_s in sequence and executes them as
          Ghostscript programs.  After doing this, it reads further
          input from the standard input stream (normally the
          keyboard).  Each line is interpreted separately.  To exit
          from the interpreter, enter the `quit' command.  The
          interpreter also exits gracefully if it encounters end-of-
          file.  Typing the interrupt character (e.g. Control-C) is
          also safe.

          The interpreter recognizes several switches described below,
          which may appear anywhere in the command line and apply to
          all files thereafter.

          You can get a help message by invoking Ghostscript with the
          ----hhhh or ----???? option.  This message also lists the available
          devices.

          Ghostscript may be built with multiple output devices.
          Ghostscript normally opens the first one and directs output
          to it.  To use device xyz as the initial output device,
          include the switch
               -sDEVICE=xyz
          in the command line.  Note that this switch must precede the
          first .ps file, and only its first invocation has any
          effect.  For example, for printer output in a normal
          configuration that includes an Epson printer driver, you
          might use the shell command
               gs -sDEVICE=epson myfile.ps
          instead of just
               gs myfile.ps
          Alternatively, you can type
               (epson) selectdevice
               (myfile.ps) run
          All output then goes to the printer instead of the display
          until further notice.  You can switch devices at any time by
          using the selectdevice procedure, e.g.,
               (vga) selectdevice
          or
               (epson) selectdevice
          As yet a third alternative, you can define an environment
          variable GS_DEVICE as the desired default device name.  The
          order of precedence for these alternatives, highest to
          lowest, is:



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               selectdevice
               (command line)
               GS_DEVICE
               (first device in build list)

          To select the density on a printer, use
               gs -sDEVICE=<device> -r<xres>x<yres>
          For example, on a 9-pin Epson-compatible printer, you can
          get the lowest-density (fastest) mode with
               gs -sDEVICE=epson -r60x72
          and the highest-density mode with
               gs -sDEVICE=epson -r240x72.

          If you select a printer as the output device, Ghostscript
          also allows you to control where the device sends its
          output.  Normally, output goes directly to a scratch file on
          Unix systems.  To send the output to a series of files
          foo1.xyz, foo2.xyz, ..., use the switch
               -sOutputFile=foo%d.xyz
          The %d is a printf format specification; you can use other
          formats like %02d.  Each file will receive one page of
          output.  Alternatively, to send the output to a single file
          foo.xyz, with all the pages concatenated, use the switch
               -sOutputFile=foo.xyz

          On Unix systems, you can send the output directly to a pipe.
          For example, to pipe the output to the command `lpr' (which,
          on many Unix systems, is the command that spools output for
          a printer), use the switch
               -sOutputFile=lpr
          You can also send output to stdout for piping with the
          switch
               -sOutputFile=-
          In this case you must also use the -q switch, to prevent
          Ghostscript from writing messages to stdout.

          To find out what devices are available, type
               devicenames ==
          after starting up Ghostscript.  Alternatively, you can use
          the -h or -? switch in the command line; the help message
          also lists the available devices.

          When looking for the initialization files (gs_*.ps), the
          files related to fonts, or the file for the `run' operator,
          Ghostscript first tries opening the file with the name as
          given (i.e., using the current working directory if none is
          specified).  If this fails, and the file name doesn't
          specify an explicit directory or drive (i.e., doesn't begin
          with `/' on Unix systems), Ghostscript will try directories
          in the following order:

          1.   The directory/ies specified by the -I switch(es) in the



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               command line (see below), if any;

          2.   The directory/ies specified by the GS_LIB environment
               variable, if any;

          3.   The directory/ies specified by the GS_LIB_DEFAULT macro
               in the Ghostscript makefile (which has been set to
               "/usr/local/lib/ghostscript:/usr/local/lib/ghostscript/fonts").

          Each of these (GS_LIB_DEFAULT, GS_LIB, and -I parameter) may
          be either a single directory, or a list of directories
          separated by a `:'.

     XXXX RRRREEEESSSSOOOOUUUURRRRCCCCEEEESSSS
          Ghostscript looks for the following resources under the
          program name `Ghostscript':

          bbbboooorrrrddddeeeerrrrWWWWiiiiddddtttthhhh
               The border width in pixels (default = 1).

          bbbboooorrrrddddeeeerrrrCCCCoooolllloooorrrr
               The name of the border color (default = black).

          ggggeeeeoooommmmeeeettttrrrryyyy
               The window size and placement, WxH+X+Y (default is
               NULL).

          xxxxRRRReeeessssoooolllluuuuttttiiiioooonnnn
               The number of x pixels per inch (default is computed
               from WidthOfScreen and WidthMMOfScreen).

          yyyyRRRReeeessssoooolllluuuuttttiiiioooonnnn
               The number of y pixels per inch (default is computed
               from HeightOfScreen and HeightMMOfScreen).

          uuuusssseeeeBBBBaaaacccckkkkiiiinnnnggggPPPPiiiixxxxmmmmaaaapppp
               Determines whether backing store is to be used for
               saving display window (default = true).

          See the file `use.doc' for a more complete list of
          resources.

          To set these resources, put them in a file (such as
          ~/.Xresources) in the following form:

               Ghostscript*geometry:    612x792-0+0
               Ghostscript*xResolution: 72
               Ghostscript*yResolution: 72

          Then load the defaults into the X server:

               % xrdb -merge ~/.Xresources



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     OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
          -------- _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e _a_r_g_1 ...
               Takes the next argument as a file name as usual, but
               takes all remaining arguments (even if they have the
               syntactic form of switches) and defines the name
               ARGUMENTS in userdict (not systemdict) as an array of
               those strings, _b_e_f_o_r_e running the file.  When
               Ghostscript finishes executing the file, it exits back
               to the shell.

          ----DDDD_n_a_m_e====_t_o_k_e_n
          ----dddd_n_a_m_e====_t_o_k_e_n
               Define a name in systemdict with the given definition.
               The token must be exactly one token (as defined by the
               `token' operator) and must not contain any whitespace.

          ----DDDD_n_a_m_e
          ----dddd_n_a_m_e
               Define a name in systemdict with value=null.

          ----SSSS_n_a_m_e====_s_t_r_i_n_g
          ----ssss_n_a_m_e====_s_t_r_i_n_g
               Define a name in systemdict with a given string as
               value.  This is different from -d.  For example,
               -dname=35 is equivalent to the program fragment
                              /name 35 def
               whereas -s name=35 is equivalent to
                              /name (35) def

          ----qqqq   Quiet startup - suppress normal startup messages, and
               also do the equivalent of -dQUIET.

          ----gggg_n_u_m_b_e_r_1xxxx_n_u_m_b_e_r_2
               Equivalent to ----ddddDDDDEEEEVVVVIIIICCCCEEEEWWWWIIIIDDDDTTTTHHHH====_n_u_m_b_e_r_1 and
               ----ddddDDDDEEEEVVVVIIIICCCCEEEEHHHHEEEEIIIIGGGGHHHHTTTT====_n_u_m_b_e_r_2....  This is for the benefit of
               devices (such as X11 windows) that require (or allow)
               width and height to be specified.

          ----rrrr_n_u_m_b_e_r
          ----rrrr_n_u_m_b_e_r_1xxxx_n_u_m_b_e_r_2
               Equivalent to ----ddddDDDDEEEEVVVVIIIICCCCEEEEXXXXRRRREEEESSSSOOOOLLLLUUUUTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN====_n_u_m_b_e_r_1 and
               ----ddddDDDDEEEEVVVVIIIICCCCEEEEYYYYRRRREEEESSSSOOOOLLLLUUUUTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN====_n_u_m_b_e_r_2....  This is for the benefit
               of devices (such as printers) that support multiple X
               and Y resolutions.  (If only one number is given, it is
               used for both X and Y resolutions.)

          ----IIII_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_i_e_s
               Adds the designated list of directories at the head of
               the search path for library files.

          ----    This is not really a switch.  It indicates to
               Ghostscript that the standard input is coming from a



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               file or a pipe.  Ghostscript reads from stdin until
               reaching end-of-file, executing it like any other file,
               and then continues processing the command line.  At the
               end of the command line, Ghostscript exits rather than
               going into its interactive mode.

          Note that gs_init.ps makes systemdict read-only, so the
          values of names defined with -D/d/S/s cannot be changed
          (although, of course, they can be superseded by definitions
          in userdict or other dictionaries.)

     SSSSPPPPEEEECCCCIIIIAAAALLLL NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEESSSS
          ----ddddDDDDIIIISSSSKKKKFFFFOOOONNNNTTTTSSSS
               Causes individual character outlines to be loaded from
               the disk the first time they are encountered.
               (Normally Ghostscript loads all the character outlines
               when it loads a font.)  This may allow loading more
               fonts into RAM, at the expense of slower rendering.

          ----ddddNNNNOOOOCCCCAAAACCCCHHHHEEEE
               Disables character caching.  Only useful for debugging.

          ----ddddNNNNOOOOBBBBIIIINNNNDDDD
               Disables the `bind' operator.  Only useful for
               debugging.

          ----ddddNNNNOOOODDDDIIIISSSSPPPPLLLLAAAAYYYY
               Suppresses the normal initialization of the output
               device.  This may be useful when debugging.

          ----ddddNNNNOOOOPPPPAAAAUUUUSSSSEEEE
               Disables the prompt and pause at the end of each page.
               This may be desirable for applications where another
               program is `driving' Ghostscript.

          ----ddddNNNNOOOOPPPPLLLLAAAATTTTFFFFOOOONNNNTTTTSSSS
               Disables the use of fonts supplied by the underlying
               platform (e.g. X Windows).  This may be needed if the
               platform fonts look undesirably different from the
               scalable fonts.

          ----ddddSSSSAAAAFFFFEEEERRRR
               Disables the deletefile and renamefile operators, and
               the ability to open files in any mode other than read-
               only.  This may be desirable for spoolers or other
               sensitive environments.

          ----ddddWWWWRRRRIIIITTTTEEEESSSSYYYYSSSSTTTTEEEEMMMMDDDDIIIICCCCTTTT
               Leaves systemdict writable.  This is necessary when
               running special utility programs such as font2c and
               pcharstr, which must bypass normal PostScript access
               protection.



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          ----ssssDDDDEEEEVVVVIIIICCCCEEEE====_d_e_v_i_c_e
               Selects an alternate initial output device, as
               described above.

          ----ssssOOOOuuuuttttppppuuuuttttFFFFiiiilllleeee====_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
               Selects an alternate output file (or pipe) for the
               initial output device, as described above.

     FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
          ////uuuussssrrrr////llllooooccccaaaallll////lllliiiibbbb////gggghhhhoooossssttttssssccccrrrriiiipppptttt////****
               Startup-files, utilities, and basic font definitions.

          ////uuuussssrrrr////llllooooccccaaaallll////lllliiiibbbb////gggghhhhoooossssttttssssccccrrrriiiipppptttt////ffffoooonnnnttttssss////****
               Additional font definitions.

          ////uuuussssrrrr////llllooooccccaaaallll////lllliiiibbbb////gggghhhhoooossssttttssssccccrrrriiiipppptttt////eeeexxxxaaaammmmpppplllleeeessss////****
               Demo Ghostscript files.

          ////uuuussssrrrr////llllooooccccaaaallll////lllliiiibbbb////ddddoooocccc////gggghhhhoooossssttttssssccccrrrriiiipppptttt////ddddoooocccc////****
               Assorted document files.

     SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
          The various Ghostscript document files (above).

     BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS
          See the network news group `gnu.ghostscript.bug'.





























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